Not using just the base LoRaWAN specification and packets. Multiple gateways might receive a node's packets, but only a single gateway will reply (selected by the backend servers). I do not believe there is some kind of "gateway ping" packet defined, gateways will AFAIK never send packets on their own, only when told to do so by some backend server.
To let a node know about localization possibilities, the backend server should figure this out and use some application-specific packet to tell the node AFAICS.